QuizFF: June 2018

Answer: Positive reinforcement works by presenting a motivating item to the person after the desired behavior is exhibited, making the behavior more likely to happen in the future.

Learning about memory has made it difficult to remember the things you learned about sensation and perception, what kind of interference is this?

Answer: Retroactive Interference

Kelsey's old cake recipe called for two eggs. Her new recipe calls for only one egg, but she keeps accidentally putting in two eggs, what kind of interference is this?

Answer: Pro-Active Interference

3rd gen fluoroquinolone which can be used by ophthalmic administration

Answer: Levofloxacin

These two drugs can be used to occasionally treat TB and atypical mycobacteria

Answer: Ciprofloxacin

These two drugs can be used to treat meningococcal in carrier

Answer: Cipro and oxflo

This 2nd gen fluoroquinolone is given with Clarithromycin and and Amikacin in MULTI-DRUG TB REGIMENS and for MAC in AIDS patients

Answer: Ciprofloxacin

2nd generation fluoroquinolone which is the number 1 choice for Anthrax tx

Answer: Ciprofloxacin

Should fluoroquinolones be given to children (under 18) or pregnant women? Why?

Answer: NO! Due to Cartilage erosion

T/F fluoroquinolones have good in-vitro activity against all of the respiratory pathogens, especially S. Pneumonia.

Answer: FALSE, all of them EXCEPT S. Pneumonia

Which is preferred when treating S. Pneumonia?

A) beta lactams
B) fluoroquinolones

Answer: A) beta lactams

Which drug is better then TMP-SMX in decreasing diarrhea in cholera?

Answer: Norfloxacin

Chancroid (soft sore, and STD) can be treated with three days of what drug?

Answer: Cipro

As an alternative [to IM Ceftriaxone or oral cefixime] against gonorrhea, which two drugs are effective in a single oral dose?

As an alternative [to IM Ceftriaxone or oral cefixime] against gonorrhea, which two drugs are effective in a single oral dose? (You don't give them together, you can use either of them alone)

Answer: Ofloxacin OR Ciprofloxacin

A 7-day course of which drug is given for Chlamydia urethritis?

Answer: Ofloxacin

Which generation of fluoroquinolones can be used in pregnancy?

Answer: NONE, they're all contraindicated!

Which STD do fluoroquinolones have NO activity against?

Answer: Treponema pallidum

What three drugs are equally efficacious in treating Prostatitis?

What three drugs are equally efficacious in treating Prostatitis? (4-6 weeks appear to be effective)

Answer:

Norfloxacin
Cipro
Ofloxacin

What 4 drugs are equally efficacious in treating UTI's?

Answer:

Norfloxacin
Cipro
Ofloxacin
TMP-SMX

What generation of fluoroquinolones have good in-vitro action against S. Pneumonia and anaerobic bacteria while retaining its activity against other RESPIRATORY pathogens?

Answer: 4th generation

Which generation of fluoroquinolones ALL EQUALLY treat Prostatitis and travelers diarrhea and Shigellosis?

Answer: 2nd generation

Fluoroquinolone which is ONLY used in the US for UTIs

Answer: Nalidixic acid

Fluoroquinolones are more bactericidal and more potent against which of the following (choose all that apply)

A) E. Coli
B) salmonella
C) shigella
D) enterobacter
E) neisseria
F) camplylobacter
G) H. Pylori
H) all of the above

Answer: A, B, C, D, E, F

Nalidixic (the original quinolone) is __ to _ that cause ___

A) bacteriostatic; gram positive; UTI
B) bactericidal; gram negative; UTI
C) both of the above

Answer: B) bactericidal; gram negative; UTI

Fluoroquinolones penetrate most body tissues, except which one?

A) ocular
B) renal
C) gums
D) CNS

Answer: D) CNS

What kind of bioavailability to fluoroquinolones have?

A) anal
B) parenteral
C) oral
D) all of the above

Answer: C) oral

This kind of mutation in the A subunit of the Gyrase enzyme is the mechanism of resistance to quinolones

Answer: Point mutation

Fluoroquinolones are ______ action.

A) bactericidal
B) bacteriostatic

Answer: A) bactericidal

Enzyme in prokaryotes responsible for introduction of "negative supercoils" in to DNA to stop "positive supercoiling" in the process of "unwinding".

Answer: DNA gyrase

What other enzyme to quinolones also inhibit in bacteria?

Answer: Topoisomerase IV

Which subunit on the DNA gyrase enzyme carries out the strand cutting function.

Answer: A

What site of action on the DNA gyrase enzyme does the quinolone act on?

Answer: Site A

Have two fused rings with a carboxylic acid at the 3 position of the basic ring.

Answer:

Newer drugs have fluorine at position at 6 and piperazine at position 7
Fluoroquinolones

What are two UTI antiseptics

Answer:

Methenamine
Nitrofurantoin

Which two generations of quinolones are known as the respiratory quinolones?

Answer: 3, and 4

Generation of quinolones which have gram negative and improved gram positive coverage

Answer: 4th

Generation of quinolones which mostly have gram negative and moderate gram positive coverage

Answer: 3rd

Generation of quinolones which mostly have gram negative coverage

Answer: 2nd

How many generations of quinolones are there?

Answer: 4

Antimicrobial drugs take advantage of the ________ that exist between microorganisms and the host.

A) functional differences
B) situational differences
C) bacterial differences
D) viral differences
E) all of the above

Answer: A) functional differences

Key feature of antimicrobials

A) nonselective toxicity
B) must be given in high doses to be effective
C) selective toxicity
C) selective toxicity

Treat infections because of their ability to kill microorganisms with selective toxicity without harming the host

Answer: Antimicrobials

Infections which are quite resistant to chemotherapy

Answer: Fungal infections

Two ways GCD can be determined?

1) add together A and DBL
2) measure horizontal distance from inside right nasal to inside left temporal eyewire

Where are the 6 identification markings typically located on frames?

Answer: Side of the temples

How to suppliers who do not use the Boxing system mark the eye size and bridge size on frames?

Answer: -. /, or X

What are the typical adult skull temple lengths (4)

Answer: 130, 135, 140, 145 mm

What increments do most manufacturers specify temple length in?

Answer: 5mm increments

Distance from center or hinge barrels to the end of the temples.

Answer: Overall temple length

How is depth of eyewire groove accounted for in the DBL measurement.

SUBTRACT

Twice the longest radius from GC of an eyewire or lens/longest diagonal distance.

Answer: Effective diameter (ED)

How does the depth of the eyewire account for in A, B, and ED measurements?

Answer:

Metal - add 1 mm
Plastic - add 2 mm

Point halfway between the 2 horizontal and vertical lines that are tangent to the top and bottom and temporal and nasal sides of an eye wire/lines

Answer: GC

Hypnosis involves a state of ?

Dreams often involve sudden emotional reactions and surprising changes in scene. This best serves to support theory that dream?

One theory suggest that the brain activity associated with ________ is helpful for developing and preserving neural pathways in the brain.

About three hours after he falls asleep, Bobby often sits up in bed screaming incoherently. His mother tried to awaken him, but with no success. His pulse races and he gasps for breath. The next morning, he remembers nothing. It appears they Bobby suffers from ?

Mr.Dayton occasionally stops breathing while sleeping. He wakes up to snort air for a few seconds before falling back to sleep. Mrs.Dayton complains that her husband snores. Clearly, Mr.Dayton suffers from?

Which sleep disorder would be the most incapacitating for a commercial bus driver?

Layla has difficulty going to sleep and staying asleep Layla is most likely suffering from?

Fast and jerky movements sod the eyes are especially likely to be associated with ?

When a light strikes the retina, it signals the suprachiasmatic nucleus to alter_____ production by the pineal gland.

Circadian rhythm refers to __?

How is the hypothalamus involved in sleep?

How is the hypothalamus involved in sleep?

Consciousness is

Rudy claims that his special psychic powers enable him to correctly anticipate whether the outcome of a coin toss will be heads or tail.Rudy is claiming to possess the power of ___?

Clairvoyance refers to the

Telepathy refers to the

Parapsychology refers to the

The quick succession of briefly flashed images in a motion picture produces___?

What is most helpful in perceiving the distance of objects away from you?

Who emphasized that the whole may exceed the sum of its parts?

The area of the brain that receives information from the nose is directly connected with the limbic system. This connection may explain why smells are often involved in____?

What would play a role in quickly alerting you to a gas leak in you home?

Taste and smell are both what kind of senses?

Our sense of taste originally was thought to involve only the following four sensations.

The brain's release of endorphins reduces_______.

The coiled, fluid-filled tube in which sound waves trigger nerve impulses is called _____?

Which theory suggests that large-fiber activity in the spinal cord can prevent pain signals from reaching the brain?

What is the correct sequence of structures that sound waves pass through on the way to the auditory nerve?

The area of the retina where the optic nerve impulses is called the________.

Name the correct order of structures light passes through the eye?

The light sensitive inner surface of the eye, containing the rods and cones, is ________.

After listening to your high-volume car stereo 15 minutes, you fail to realize how loudly the music is blasting. This best illustrates_______.

The process of receiving and representing stimulus energies by the nervous system is called ___________.

The occipital lobes are to ______________ as the temporal lobes to ___________.

Which neural center in the limbic system plays a central role in emotions such as aggression and fear?

The sequence of brain regions from the evolutionary oldest to newest is?

Hormones are the chemical messengers of the endocrine messengers of the ?

The strengthening of synaptic connections facilitates the formation of___?

The master gland of the endocrine system is the ?

Chemical messengers that circulate throughout the body via bloodstream are called: ?

An undersupply of serotonin is most closely linked to ?

The chemical messengers released into the spatial junctions between neurons are called ______?

An axon is______?

Which type of psychologist most directly investigates the links between biological activity and our thinking and behaviors?

The personality theorist, Sigmund Freud, was an Austrian _______?

Efforts to discover whether their intelligence of children is more heavily influenced by their biology or by their home environments are most directly related to the debate regarding____?

The specialist most likely to have a medical degree is a(n)_______?

Which professional specialty focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of people with psychological disorders?

Dr.Wilcox conducts basic research on the behavioral differences between shy and outgoing people. Dr.Wilcox is most likely a(n) ____________ psychologists.

The cognitive perspectives on psychology focuses on how______?

Which area of psychology might be best suited to investigate the following research question: what happens in our brain when we forget details about stressful life event ma, and how does this process affect behavior?

Who was the American philosopher who authored a textbook in 1980 for emerging discipline of psychology?

The first psychology laboratory was established by ________________.

Give some reasons why positive reinforcement may be more successful at shaping another person's behavior.

Learning about memory has made it difficult to remember the things you learned about sensation and perception, what kind of interference is this?

Kelsey's old cake recipe called for two eggs. Her new recipe calls for only one egg, but she keeps accidentally putting in two eggs, what kind of interference is this?

3rd gen fluoroquinolone which can be used by ophthalmic administration

These two drugs can be used to occasionally treat TB and atypical mycobacteria

These two drugs can be used to treat meningococcal in carrier

This 2nd gen fluoroquinolone is given with Clarithromycin and and Amikacin in MULTI-DRUG TB REGIMENS and for MAC in AIDS patients

2nd generation fluoroquinolone which is the number 1 choice for Anthrax tx

Should fluoroquinolones be given to children (under 18) or pregnant women? Why?

T/F fluoroquinolones have good in-vitro activity against all of the respiratory pathogens, especially S. Pneumonia.

Which is preferred when treating S. Pneumonia?

Which drug is better then TMP-SMX in decreasing diarrhea in cholera?

Chancroid (soft sore, and STD) can be treated with three days of what drug?

As an alternative [to IM Ceftriaxone or oral cefixime] against gonorrhea, which two drugs are effective in a single oral dose? (You don't give them together, you can use either of them alone)

A 7-day course of which drug is given for Chlamydia urethritis?

Which generation of fluoroquinolones can be used in pregnancy?

Which STD do fluoroquinolones have NO activity against?

What three drugs are equally efficacious in treating Prostatitis? (4-6 weeks appear to be effective)

What 4 drugs are equally efficacious in treating UTI's?

What generation of fluoroquinolones have good in-vitro action against S. Pneumonia and anaerobic bacteria while retaining its activity against other RESPIRATORY pathogens?

Which generation of fluoroquinolones ALL EQUALLY treat Prostatitis and travelers diarrhea and Shigellosis?

The occipital lobes are to ____ as the temporal lobes to _.